During whom may an acting deputy commissioner sign legal documents on behalf of the commissioner?

The correct answer is when the commissioner is absent. This is significant because the deputy commissioner is appointed to assist and carry out the duties of the commissioner, particularly in the latter's absence. If the commissioner is unable to perform their duties due to absence—whether that be for any reason, including illness or personal matters—the deputy commissioner has the authority to step in and sign legal documents to ensure that the office continues to function smoothly.

In this context, 'absence' is a broad term encompassing various situations, such as being out of the office for meetings, being on vacation, or simply not available due to other commitments. None of the other provided scenarios specify that the commissioner is officially absent, which would not grant the same authorization to the deputy commissioner to sign documents.

The role of an acting deputy commissioner is crucial for maintaining continuity in governance and decision-making within the department. Their authority is not limited to emergencies; it extends to any situation where the commissioner is not present to perform their necessary functions.